:: Some Remarkable Identities Involving Numbers :: by Rafa{\l} Ziobro :: :: Received September 5, 2014 :: Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Association of Mizar Users :: (Stowarzyszenie Uzytkownikow Mizara, Bialystok, Poland). :: This code can be distributed under the GNU General Public Licence :: version 3.0 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike :: License version 3.0 or later, subject to the binding interpretation :: detailed in file COPYING.interpretation. :: See COPYING.GPL and COPYING.CC-BY-SA for the full text of these :: licenses, or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html and :: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. environ vocabularies ABIAN, NUMBERS, NAT_1, INT_1, ARYTM_3, XXREAL_0, CARD_1, ARYTM_1, INT_2, COMPLEX1, RELAT_1, NEWTON, SQUARE_1, XCMPLX_0; notations ABIAN, NUMBERS, XCMPLX_0, XXREAL_0, XREAL_0, INT_1, INT_2, ORDINAL1, SQUARE_1, NEWTON; constructors ABIAN, SQUARE_1, NAT_1, NAT_D, NEWTON; registrations ABIAN, ORDINAL1, XXREAL_0, XREAL_0, NAT_1, INT_1, NEWTON, WSIERP_1, XCMPLX_0, ABSVALUE; requirements REAL, NUMERALS, SUBSET, ARITHM; begin reserve a,b,c,d,x,j,k,l,m,n for Nat, p,q,t,z,u,v for Integer, a1,b1,c1,d1 for Complex; registration let u,v be even Integer; cluster u-v -> even; end; registration let u be odd Integer; let k; cluster u|^k -> odd; end; registration let k be positive Nat; let u be even Integer; cluster u|^k -> even; end; theorem :: NEWTON01:1 a1|^2 - b1|^2 = (a1-b1)*(a1+b1); theorem :: NEWTON01:2 (2*a1+1)|^2 + (2*a1|^2 + 2*a1)|^2 = (2*a1|^2 + 2*a1 + 1)|^2; theorem :: NEWTON01:3 a1|^2+a1*b1+b1|^2 = (3*(a1+b1)|^2 +(a1-b1)|^2)/4; theorem :: NEWTON01:4 a is odd implies ex b st a|^2 + b|^2 = (b+1)|^2; theorem :: NEWTON01:5 ((a1|^m+b1|^m)*(a1|^n-b1|^n) + (a1|^n+b1|^n)*(a1|^m-b1|^m))/2 = a1|^(m+n) - b1|^(m+n); theorem :: NEWTON01:6 a|^m + b|^m <= c|^m implies a <= c; theorem :: NEWTON01:7 (a1+b1)|^(n+1) = a1|^(n+1) + b1|^(n+1) + a1*b1*c1 implies (a1+b1)|^(n+2) = a1|^(n+2) + b1|^(n+2) + a1*b1*(a1|^n + b1|^n + c1*(a1+b1)); theorem :: NEWTON01:8 ((a1|^m+b1|^m)*(a1|^n+b1|^n) + (a1|^n-b1|^n)*(a1|^m-b1|^m))/2 = a1|^(m+n) + b1|^(m+n); theorem :: NEWTON01:9 a1|^(m+1)+b1|^(m+1) = ((a1|^m+b1|^m)*(a1+b1) + (a1-b1)*(a1|^m-b1|^m))/2; theorem :: NEWTON01:10 (a-b)*(a|^m-b|^m) >= 0; theorem :: NEWTON01:11 a|^(m+1)+b|^(m+1) >= (a|^m+b|^m)*(a+b)/2; theorem :: NEWTON01:12 a|^m + b|^m <= c|^m implies ex x st a|^m + b|^m <= (a+x)|^m; theorem :: NEWTON01:13 a1|^(m+1)-b1|^(m+1) = ((a1|^m+b1|^m)*(a1-b1) + (a1+b1)*(a1|^m-b1|^m))/2; theorem :: NEWTON01:14 a|^(m+1)-b|^(m+1)=(a-b)*(t*(a+b)+a|^m+b|^m)/2 iff a|^m - b|^m = (a-b)*t; theorem :: NEWTON01:15 (c1|^n/2+c1/2)|^2-(c1|^n/2-c1/2)|^2 = c1|^(n+1); theorem :: NEWTON01:16 a|^3-b|^3 = (a-b)*((a+b)*(a+b)+a|^2+b|^2)/2; theorem :: NEWTON01:17 c|^m >= a|^m + b|^m & a>0 & b>0 implies c|^(m+1) > a|^(m+1) + b|^(m+1); theorem :: NEWTON01:18 c|^m >= a|^m + b|^m & a>0 & b>0 & k>0 implies c|^(k+m) > a|^(k+m) + b|^(k+m); theorem :: NEWTON01:19 c|^m >= a|^m + b|^m implies c|^(k+m) >= a|^(k+m) + b|^(k+m); theorem :: NEWTON01:20 c|^n > a|^n + b|^n implies c|^(k+n) > a|^(k+n) + b|^(k+n); theorem :: NEWTON01:21 a1|^(m+2) - b1|^(m+2) = (a1|^(m+1)+b1|^(m+1))*(a1-b1) + a1*b1*(a1|^m-b1|^m); theorem :: NEWTON01:22 a1|^(m+2) + b1|^(m+2) = (a1|^(m+1)-b1|^(m+1))*(a1-b1) + a1*b1*(a1|^m+b1|^m); theorem :: NEWTON01:23 a|^(2*m+2)-b|^(2*m+2) = (a|^2-b|^2)*(c*(a|^2+b|^2)+a|^(2*m)+b|^(2*m))/2 iff a|^(2*m) - b|^(2*m) = (a|^2-b|^2)*c; theorem :: NEWTON01:24 a1|^(2*m+3) + b1|^(2*m+3) = (a1|^(2*m+2)+b1|^(2*m+2))*(a1+b1) - a1*b1*(a1|^(2*m+1)+b1|^(2*m+1)); theorem :: NEWTON01:25 a1|^m - b1|^m = (a1-b1)*k implies a1|^(m+2) - b1|^(m+2) = (a1|^(m+1)+b1|^(m+1) + a1*b1*k)*(a1-b1); theorem :: NEWTON01:26 a1|^(m+2) - b1|^(m+2) = (a1|^(m+1)+b1|^(m+1) + a1*b1*k)*(a1-b1) & a1*b1<>0 implies a1|^m - b1|^m = (a1-b1)*k; theorem :: NEWTON01:27 b>0 & a>b implies ((a|^n-b|^n)*(a+b) = (a|^n+b|^n)*(a-b) iff n=1); theorem :: NEWTON01:28 n>1 & b>0 & a>b implies (a|^n-b|^n)*(a+b) > a|^(n+1) - b|^(n+1); theorem :: NEWTON01:29 n>0 & a>b implies (a|^n+b|^n)*(a-b) <= a|^(n+1) - b|^(n+1); theorem :: NEWTON01:30 p+q divides p*u + q*v implies p+q divides p*(u+z) + q*(v+z); theorem :: NEWTON01:31 p+q divides p*(t*(p+q)+z) + q*z; theorem :: NEWTON01:32 p+q divides u-v implies p+q divides p*(u+t) + q*(v+t); theorem :: NEWTON01:33 a-b divides a|^n-b|^n; theorem :: NEWTON01:34 a|^2-b|^2 divides a|^(2*m)-b|^(2*m); theorem :: NEWTON01:35 a+b divides a|^(2*m+1) + b|^(2*m+1); theorem :: NEWTON01:36 a+b divides a|^(2*m) - b|^(2*m); theorem :: NEWTON01:37 a+b divides a|^n - b|^n implies a+b divides a|^(n+1) + b|^(n+1); theorem :: NEWTON01:38 a+b divides a|^n+b|^n or a+b divides a|^n-b|^n; theorem :: NEWTON01:39 a>=b & c|^n - b|^n = a|^n implies (c-b) gcd (a|^n) = c-b & (c-a) gcd b|^n = c-a; theorem :: NEWTON01:40 a,b are_coprime & a+b divides a*c + b*d implies a+b divides c-d; theorem :: NEWTON01:41 a*b,c*d are_coprime implies a,c are_coprime; theorem :: NEWTON01:42 a>0 & b>0 & a|^n + b|^n = c|^n implies ex j,k,l st j|^n + k|^n = l|^n & j,k are_coprime & j,l are_coprime & k,l are_coprime & a = (a gcd b)*j & b = (a gcd b)*k & c = (a gcd b)*l; theorem :: NEWTON01:43 a>0 implies a|^(n+2) + a|^(n+2) <> b|^(n+2); theorem :: NEWTON01:44 x>0 & b < c & a +b|^2 = c|^2 implies a + (b+x)|^2 < (c+x)|^2; theorem :: NEWTON01:45 q < 0 & b < c & a|^2 +b|^2 = c|^2 implies a|^2 + (b+q)|^2 > (c+q)|^2; theorem :: NEWTON01:46 x>0 & a|^2 +b|^2 = (b+1)|^2 implies a|^2 + (b-x)|^2 > (b+1-x)|^2; theorem :: NEWTON01:47 a>=1 & (a+1)|^2 + ((a+1)+x)|^2 <= ((a+1)+x+1)|^2 implies a|^2 + (a+x)|^2 < (a+x+1)|^2; theorem :: NEWTON01:48 a>=1 & a|^2 + (a+x)|^2 >= (a+x+1)|^2 implies (a+l+1)|^2 + (a+l+1+x)|^2 > (a+l+1+x+1)|^2; theorem :: NEWTON01:49 a >= 3 iff a|^2 + a|^2 > (a+1)|^2; theorem :: NEWTON01:50 2|^(3+m) + 2|^(3+m) < 3|^(3+m);