:: Cyclic Groups and Some of Their Properties - Part I
:: by Dariusz Surowik
::
:: Received November 22, 1991
:: Copyright (c) 1991-2018 Association of Mizar Users

Lm1: for x being set
for n being Nat st x in Segm n holds
x is Element of NAT

;

definition
redefine func addint means :: GR_CY_1:def 1
for i1, i2 being Element of INT holds it . (i1,i2) = addreal . (i1,i2);
compatibility
for b1 being Element of bool holds
( b1 = addint iff for i1, i2 being Element of INT holds b1 . (i1,i2) = addreal . (i1,i2) )
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem defines addint GR_CY_1:def 1 :
for b1 being Element of bool holds
( b1 = addint iff for i1, i2 being Element of INT holds b1 . (i1,i2) = addreal . (i1,i2) );

theorem :: GR_CY_1:1
for i1 being Element of INT st i1 = 0 holds
i1 is_a_unity_wrt addint by ;

theorem Th2: :: GR_CY_1:2
for I being FinSequence of INT holds Sum I = addint $$I proof end; definition let I be FinSequence of INT ; :: original: Sum redefine func Sum I -> Element of INT equals :: GR_CY_1:def 2 addint$$ I;
coherence
Sum I is Element of INT
proof end;
compatibility
for b1 being Element of INT holds
( b1 = Sum I iff b1 = addint $$I ) by Th2; end; :: deftheorem defines Sum GR_CY_1:def 2 : for I being FinSequence of INT holds Sum I = addint$$ I;

theorem Th3: :: GR_CY_1:3
Sum () = 0 by ;

Lm2: for G being Group
for a being Element of G holds Product (((len ()) |-> a) |^ ()) = a |^ (Sum ())

proof end;

Lm3: for G being Group
for a being Element of G
for I being FinSequence of INT
for w being Element of INT st Product (((len I) |-> a) |^ I) = a |^ (Sum I) holds
Product (((len (I ^ <*w*>)) |-> a) |^ (I ^ <*w*>)) = a |^ (Sum (I ^ <*w*>))

proof end;

theorem Th4: :: GR_CY_1:4
for G being Group
for a being Element of G
for I being FinSequence of INT holds Product (((len I) |-> a) |^ I) = a |^ (Sum I)
proof end;

:: Finite groups and their some properties
theorem Th5: :: GR_CY_1:5
for G being Group
for a, b being Element of G holds
( b in gr {a} iff ex j1 being Integer st b = a |^ j1 )
proof end;

theorem Th6: :: GR_CY_1:6
for G being finite Group
for a being Element of G holds not a is being_of_order_0
proof end;

theorem Th7: :: GR_CY_1:7
for G being finite Group
for a being Element of G holds ord a = card (gr {a})
proof end;

theorem Th8: :: GR_CY_1:8
for G being finite Group
for a being Element of G holds ord a divides card G
proof end;

theorem Th9: :: GR_CY_1:9
for G being finite Group
for a being Element of G holds a |^ (card G) = 1_ G
proof end;

theorem Th10: :: GR_CY_1:10
for n being Nat
for G being finite Group
for a being Element of G holds (a |^ n) " = a |^ ((card G) - (n mod (card G)))
proof end;

registration
let G be non empty associative multMagma ;
cluster multMagma(# the carrier of G, the multF of G #) -> associative ;
coherence
multMagma(# the carrier of G, the multF of G #) is associative
by BINOP_1:def 3;
end;

registration
let G be Group;
cluster multMagma(# the carrier of G, the multF of G #) -> Group-like ;
coherence
multMagma(# the carrier of G, the multF of G #) is Group-like
proof end;
end;

theorem Th11: :: GR_CY_1:11
for G being finite strict Group st card G > 1 holds
ex a being Element of G st a <> 1_ G
proof end;

theorem :: GR_CY_1:12
for p being Nat
for G being finite strict Group st card G = p & p is prime holds
for H being strict Subgroup of G holds
( H = (1). G or H = G )
proof end;

definition
func INT.Group -> non empty strict multMagma equals :: GR_CY_1:def 3
multMagma(# INT,addint #);
coherence
multMagma(# INT,addint #) is non empty strict multMagma
;
end;

:: deftheorem defines INT.Group GR_CY_1:def 3 :

registration
coherence
proof end;
end;

registration
coherence ;
end;

registration
let a, b be Element of INT.Group;
identify a * b with a + b;
compatibility
a * b = a + b
by BINOP_2:def 20;
end;

registration
let n be natural Number ;
coherence ;
end;

definition
let n be natural Number ;
assume A1: n > 0 ;
func addint n -> BinOp of (Segm n) means :Def4: :: GR_CY_1:def 4
for k, l being Element of Segm n holds it . (k,l) = (k + l) mod n;
existence
ex b1 being BinOp of (Segm n) st
for k, l being Element of Segm n holds b1 . (k,l) = (k + l) mod n
proof end;
uniqueness
for b1, b2 being BinOp of (Segm n) st ( for k, l being Element of Segm n holds b1 . (k,l) = (k + l) mod n ) & ( for k, l being Element of Segm n holds b2 . (k,l) = (k + l) mod n ) holds
b1 = b2
proof end;
end;

:: deftheorem Def4 defines addint GR_CY_1:def 4 :
for n being natural Number st n > 0 holds
for b2 being BinOp of (Segm n) holds
( b2 = addint n iff for k, l being Element of Segm n holds b2 . (k,l) = (k + l) mod n );

definition
let n be non zero Nat;
func INT.Group n -> non empty strict multMagma equals :: GR_CY_1:def 5
multMagma(# (Segm n),() #);
coherence
multMagma(# (Segm n),() #) is non empty strict multMagma
;
end;

:: deftheorem defines INT.Group GR_CY_1:def 5 :
for n being non zero Nat holds INT.Group n = multMagma(# (Segm n),() #);

registration
let n be non zero Nat;
coherence
proof end;
end;

theorem Th13: :: GR_CY_1:13
proof end;

theorem Th14: :: GR_CY_1:14
for n being non zero Nat holds 1_ () = 0
proof end;

definition
let h be Integer;
func @' h -> Element of INT.Group equals :: GR_CY_1:def 6
h;
coherence
h is Element of INT.Group
by INT_1:def 2;
end;

:: deftheorem defines @' GR_CY_1:def 6 :
for h being Integer holds @' h = h;

theorem Th15: :: GR_CY_1:15
for h being Element of INT.Group holds h " = - h
proof end;

Lm4: for k being Nat holds (@' 1) |^ k = k
proof end;

theorem Th16: :: GR_CY_1:16
for j1 being Integer holds j1 = (@' 1) |^ j1
proof end;

Lm5: INT.Group = gr {(@' 1)}
proof end;

definition
let IT be Group;
attr IT is cyclic means :Def7: :: GR_CY_1:def 7
ex a being Element of IT st multMagma(# the carrier of IT, the multF of IT #) = gr {a};
end;

:: deftheorem Def7 defines cyclic GR_CY_1:def 7 :
for IT being Group holds
( IT is cyclic iff ex a being Element of IT st multMagma(# the carrier of IT, the multF of IT #) = gr {a} );

registration
existence
ex b1 being Group st
( b1 is strict & b1 is cyclic )
by ;
end;

registration
let G be Group;
coherence
(1). G is cyclic
proof end;
end;

registration
existence
ex b1 being Group st
( b1 is strict & b1 is finite & b1 is cyclic )
proof end;
end;

theorem Th17: :: GR_CY_1:17
for G being Group holds
( G is cyclic Group iff ex a being Element of G st
for b being Element of G ex j1 being Integer st b = a |^ j1 )
proof end;

theorem Th18: :: GR_CY_1:18
for G being finite Group holds
( G is cyclic iff ex a being Element of G st
for b being Element of G ex n being Nat st b = a |^ n )
proof end;

theorem Th19: :: GR_CY_1:19
for G being finite Group holds
( G is cyclic iff ex a being Element of G st ord a = card G )
proof end;

theorem :: GR_CY_1:20
for G being finite Group
for H being strict Subgroup of G st G is cyclic holds
H is cyclic
proof end;

theorem :: GR_CY_1:21
for G being finite strict Group st card G is prime holds
G is cyclic Group
proof end;

theorem Th22: :: GR_CY_1:22
for n being non zero Nat ex g being Element of () st
for b being Element of () ex j1 being Integer st b = g |^ j1
proof end;

registration
coherence
for b1 being Group st b1 is cyclic holds
b1 is commutative
proof end;
end;

theorem :: GR_CY_1:23
INT.Group = gr {(@' 1)} by Lm5;

registration
coherence by Lm5;
end;

registration
let n be non zero Nat;
coherence
proof end;
end;