:: Subsets of Topological Spaces
:: by Miros{\l}aw Wysocki and Agata Darmochwa\l
::
:: Copyright (c) 1990-2018 Association of Mizar Users

theorem :: TOPS_1:1
for TS being 1-sorted
for K, Q being Subset of TS st K  = Q  holds
K = Q by SUBSET_1:42;

theorem Th2: :: TOPS_1:2
for GX being TopStruct holds Cl ([#] GX) = [#] GX by PRE_TOPC:18;

registration
let T be TopSpace;
let P be Subset of T;
cluster Cl P -> closed ;
coherence
Cl P is closed
proof end;
end;

theorem Th3: :: TOPS_1:3
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is closed iff R  is open )
proof end;

registration
let T be TopSpace;
let R be closed Subset of T;
cluster R  -> open ;
coherence
R  is open
by Th3;
end;

theorem Th4: :: TOPS_1:4
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is open iff R  is closed )
proof end;

registration
let T be TopSpace;
cluster open for Subset of T;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of T st b1 is open
proof end;
end;

registration
let T be TopSpace;
let R be open Subset of T;
cluster R  -> closed ;
coherence
R  is closed
by Th4;
end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:5
for GX being TopStruct
for S, T being Subset of GX st S is closed & T c= S holds
Cl T c= S
proof end;

theorem Th6: :: TOPS_1:6
for TS being TopSpace
for K, L being Subset of TS holds (Cl K) \ (Cl L) c= Cl (K \ L)
proof end;

theorem Th7: :: TOPS_1:7
for GX being TopStruct
for R, S being Subset of GX st R is closed & S is closed holds
Cl (R /\ S) = (Cl R) /\ (Cl S)
proof end;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
let P, Q be closed Subset of TS;
cluster K7(P,Q) -> closed for Subset of TS;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of TS st b1 = P /\ Q holds
b1 is closed
proof end;
cluster K6(P,Q) -> closed for Subset of TS;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of TS st b1 = P \/ Q holds
b1 is closed
proof end;
end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:8
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is closed & Q is closed holds
P /\ Q is closed ;

theorem :: TOPS_1:9
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is closed & Q is closed holds
P \/ Q is closed ;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
let P, Q be open Subset of TS;
cluster K7(P,Q) -> open for Subset of TS;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of TS st b1 = P /\ Q holds
b1 is open
proof end;
cluster K6(P,Q) -> open for Subset of TS;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of TS st b1 = P \/ Q holds
b1 is open
proof end;
end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:10
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is open & Q is open holds
P \/ Q is open ;

theorem :: TOPS_1:11
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is open & Q is open holds
P /\ Q is open ;

theorem Th12: :: TOPS_1:12
for GX being non empty TopSpace
for R being Subset of GX
for p being Point of GX holds
( p in Cl R iff for T being Subset of GX st T is open & p in T holds
R meets T )
proof end;

theorem Th13: :: TOPS_1:13
for TS being TopSpace
for Q, K being Subset of TS st Q is open holds
Q /\ (Cl K) c= Cl (Q /\ K)
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:14
for TS being TopSpace
for Q, K being Subset of TS st Q is open holds
Cl (Q /\ (Cl K)) = Cl (Q /\ K)
proof end;

::
:: INTERIOR OF A SET
::
definition
let GX be TopStruct ;
let R be Subset of GX;
func Int R -> Subset of GX equals :: TOPS_1:def 1
(Cl (R ))  ;
coherence
(Cl (R ))  is Subset of GX
;
projectivity
for b1, b2 being Subset of GX st b1 = (Cl (b2 ))  holds
b1 = (Cl (b1 ))
;
end;

:: deftheorem defines Int TOPS_1:def 1 :
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds Int R = (Cl (R ))  ;

theorem Th15: :: TOPS_1:15
for TS being TopSpace holds Int ([#] TS) = [#] TS
proof end;

theorem Th16: :: TOPS_1:16
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Int T c= T
proof end;

theorem Th17: :: TOPS_1:17
for TS being TopSpace
for K, L being Subset of TS holds (Int K) /\ (Int L) = Int (K /\ L)
proof end;

registration
let GX be TopStruct ;
cluster Int ({} GX) -> empty ;
coherence
Int ({} GX) is empty
proof end;
end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:18
for GX being TopStruct holds Int ({} GX) = {} GX ;

theorem Th19: :: TOPS_1:19
for GX being TopStruct
for T, W being Subset of GX st T c= W holds
Int T c= Int W
proof end;

theorem Th20: :: TOPS_1:20
for GX being TopStruct
for T, W being Subset of GX holds (Int T) \/ (Int W) c= Int (T \/ W)
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:21
for TS being TopSpace
for K, L being Subset of TS holds Int (K \ L) c= (Int K) \ (Int L)
proof end;

registration
let T be TopSpace;
let K be Subset of T;
cluster Int K -> open ;
coherence
Int K is open
;
end;

registration
let T be TopSpace;
cluster empty -> open for Subset of T;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of T st b1 is empty holds
b1 is open
proof end;
cluster [#] T -> open ;
coherence
[#] T is open
proof end;
end;

registration
let T be TopSpace;
cluster open closed for Subset of T;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of T st
( b1 is open & b1 is closed )
proof end;
end;

registration
let T be non empty TopSpace;
cluster non empty open closed for Subset of T;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of T st
( not b1 is empty & b1 is open & b1 is closed )
proof end;
end;

theorem Th22: :: TOPS_1:22
for TS being TopSpace
for x being set
for K being Subset of TS holds
( x in Int K iff ex Q being Subset of TS st
( Q is open & Q c= K & x in Q ) )
proof end;

theorem Th23: :: TOPS_1:23
for TS being TopSpace
for GX being TopStruct
for P being Subset of TS
for R being Subset of GX holds
( ( R is open implies Int R = R ) & ( Int P = P implies P is open ) )
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:24
for GX being TopStruct
for S, T being Subset of GX st S is open & S c= T holds
S c= Int T
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:25
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS holds
( P is open iff for x being set holds
( x in P iff ex Q being Subset of TS st
( Q is open & Q c= P & x in Q ) ) )
proof end;

theorem Th26: :: TOPS_1:26
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Cl (Int T) = Cl (Int (Cl (Int T)))
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:27
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is open holds
Cl (Int (Cl R)) = Cl R
proof end;

::
:: FRONTIER OF A SET
::
definition
let GX be TopStruct ;
let R be Subset of GX;
func Fr R -> Subset of GX equals :: TOPS_1:def 2
(Cl R) /\ (Cl (R ));
coherence
(Cl R) /\ (Cl (R )) is Subset of GX
;
end;

:: deftheorem defines Fr TOPS_1:def 2 :
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds Fr R = (Cl R) /\ (Cl (R ));

registration
let T be TopSpace;
let A be Subset of T;
cluster Fr A -> closed ;
coherence
Fr A is closed
;
end;

theorem Th28: :: TOPS_1:28
for GX being non empty TopSpace
for R being Subset of GX
for p being Point of GX holds
( p in Fr R iff for S being Subset of GX st S is open & p in S holds
( R meets S & R  meets S ) )
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:29
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Fr T = Fr (T ) ;

theorem :: TOPS_1:30
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Fr T = ((Cl (T )) /\ T) \/ ((Cl T) \ T)
proof end;

theorem Th31: :: TOPS_1:31
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Cl T = T \/ (Fr T)
proof end;

theorem Th32: :: TOPS_1:32
for TS being TopSpace
for K, L being Subset of TS holds Fr (K /\ L) c= (Fr K) \/ (Fr L)
proof end;

theorem Th33: :: TOPS_1:33
for TS being TopSpace
for K, L being Subset of TS holds Fr (K \/ L) c= (Fr K) \/ (Fr L)
proof end;

theorem Th34: :: TOPS_1:34
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Fr (Fr T) c= Fr T
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:35
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is closed holds
Fr R c= R
proof end;

Lm1: for TS being TopSpace
for K, L being Subset of TS holds Fr K c= ((Fr (K \/ L)) \/ (Fr (K /\ L))) \/ ((Fr K) /\ (Fr L))

proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:36
for TS being TopSpace
for K, L being Subset of TS holds (Fr K) \/ (Fr L) = ((Fr (K \/ L)) \/ (Fr (K /\ L))) \/ ((Fr K) /\ (Fr L))
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:37
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Fr (Int T) c= Fr T
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:38
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Fr (Cl T) c= Fr T
proof end;

theorem Th39: :: TOPS_1:39
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Int T misses Fr T
proof end;

theorem Th40: :: TOPS_1:40
for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Int T = T \ (Fr T)
proof end;

Lm2: for GX being TopStruct
for T being Subset of GX holds Fr T = (Cl T) \ (Int T)

proof end;

Lm3: for TS being TopSpace
for K being Subset of TS holds Cl (Fr K) = Fr K

proof end;

Lm4: for TS being TopSpace
for K being Subset of TS holds Int (Fr (Fr K)) = {}

proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:41
for TS being TopSpace
for K being Subset of TS holds Fr (Fr (Fr K)) = Fr (Fr K)
proof end;

Lm5: for X, Y, Z being set st X c= Z & Y = Z \ X holds
X c= Z \ Y

proof end;

theorem Th42: :: TOPS_1:42
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS holds
( P is open iff Fr P = (Cl P) \ P )
proof end;

theorem Th43: :: TOPS_1:43
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS holds
( P is closed iff Fr P = P \ (Int P) )
proof end;

::
:: DENSE, BOUNDARY AND NOWHEREDENSE SETS
::
definition
let GX be TopStruct ;
let R be Subset of GX;
attr R is dense means :: TOPS_1:def 3
Cl R = [#] GX;
end;

:: deftheorem defines dense TOPS_1:def 3 :
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is dense iff Cl R = [#] GX );

registration
let GX be TopStruct ;
cluster [#] GX -> dense ;
coherence
[#] GX is dense
by Th2;
cluster dense for Subset of GX;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of GX st b1 is dense
proof end;
end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:44
for GX being TopStruct
for R, S being Subset of GX st R is dense & R c= S holds
S is dense
proof end;

theorem Th45: :: TOPS_1:45
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS holds
( P is dense iff for Q being Subset of TS st Q <> {} & Q is open holds
P meets Q )
proof end;

theorem Th46: :: TOPS_1:46
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS st P is dense holds
for Q being Subset of TS st Q is open holds
Cl Q = Cl (Q /\ P)
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:47
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is dense & Q is dense & Q is open holds
P /\ Q is dense by Th46;

definition
let GX be TopStruct ;
let R be Subset of GX;
attr R is boundary means :: TOPS_1:def 4
R  is dense ;
end;

:: deftheorem defines boundary TOPS_1:def 4 :
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is boundary iff R  is dense );

registration
let GX be TopStruct ;
cluster empty -> boundary for Subset of GX;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of GX st b1 is empty holds
b1 is boundary
proof end;
end;

theorem Th48: :: TOPS_1:48
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is boundary iff Int R = {} )
proof end;

registration
let GX be TopStruct ;
cluster boundary for Subset of GX;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of GX st b1 is boundary
proof end;
end;

registration
let GX be TopStruct ;
let R be boundary Subset of GX;
cluster Int R -> empty ;
coherence
Int R is empty
by Th48;
end;

theorem Th49: :: TOPS_1:49
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is boundary & Q is boundary & Q is closed holds
P \/ Q is boundary
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:50
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS holds
( P is boundary iff for Q being Subset of TS st Q c= P & Q is open holds
Q = {} )
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:51
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS st P is closed holds
( P is boundary iff for Q being Subset of TS st Q <> {} & Q is open holds
ex G being Subset of TS st
( G c= Q & G <> {} & G is open & P misses G ) )
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:52
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is boundary iff R c= Fr R )
proof end;

registration
let GX be non empty TopSpace;
cluster [#] GX -> non boundary ;
coherence
not [#] GX is boundary
proof end;
cluster non empty non boundary for Subset of GX;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of GX st
( not b1 is boundary & not b1 is empty )
proof end;
end;

definition
let GX be TopStruct ;
let R be Subset of GX;
attr R is nowhere_dense means :: TOPS_1:def 5
Cl R is boundary ;
end;

:: deftheorem defines nowhere_dense TOPS_1:def 5 :
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is nowhere_dense iff Cl R is boundary );

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
cluster empty -> nowhere_dense for Subset of TS;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of TS st b1 is empty holds
b1 is nowhere_dense
by PRE_TOPC:22;
end;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
cluster nowhere_dense for Subset of TS;
existence
ex b1 being Subset of TS st b1 is nowhere_dense
proof end;
end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:53
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is nowhere_dense & Q is nowhere_dense holds
P \/ Q is nowhere_dense
proof end;

theorem Th54: :: TOPS_1:54
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is nowhere_dense holds
R  is dense
proof end;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
let R be nowhere_dense Subset of TS;
cluster R  -> dense ;
coherence
R  is dense
by Th54;
end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:55
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is nowhere_dense holds
R is boundary by Th54;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
cluster nowhere_dense -> boundary for Subset of TS;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of TS st b1 is nowhere_dense holds
b1 is boundary
;
end;

theorem Th56: :: TOPS_1:56
for GX being TopStruct
for S being Subset of GX st S is boundary & S is closed holds
S is nowhere_dense by PRE_TOPC:22;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
cluster closed boundary -> nowhere_dense for Subset of TS;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of TS st b1 is boundary & b1 is closed holds
b1 is nowhere_dense
by Th56;
end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:57
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is closed holds
( R is nowhere_dense iff R = Fr R )
proof end;

theorem Th58: :: TOPS_1:58
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS st P is open holds
Fr P is nowhere_dense
proof end;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
let P be open Subset of TS;
coherence by Th58;
end;

theorem Th59: :: TOPS_1:59
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS st P is closed holds
Fr P is nowhere_dense
proof end;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
let P be closed Subset of TS;
coherence by Th59;
end;

theorem Th60: :: TOPS_1:60
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS st P is open & P is nowhere_dense holds
P = {}
proof end;

registration
let TS be TopSpace;
cluster open nowhere_dense -> empty for Subset of TS;
coherence
for b1 being Subset of TS st b1 is open & b1 is nowhere_dense holds
b1 is empty
by Th60;
end;

::
:: CLOSED AND OPEN DOMAIN, DOMAIN
::
definition
let GX be TopStruct ;
let R be Subset of GX;
attr R is condensed means :: TOPS_1:def 6
( Int (Cl R) c= R & R c= Cl (Int R) );
attr R is closed_condensed means :: TOPS_1:def 7
R = Cl (Int R);
attr R is open_condensed means :: TOPS_1:def 8
R = Int (Cl R);
end;

:: deftheorem defines condensed TOPS_1:def 6 :
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is condensed iff ( Int (Cl R) c= R & R c= Cl (Int R) ) );

:: deftheorem defines closed_condensed TOPS_1:def 7 :
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is closed_condensed iff R = Cl (Int R) );

:: deftheorem defines open_condensed TOPS_1:def 8 :
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is open_condensed iff R = Int (Cl R) );

theorem :: TOPS_1:61
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX holds
( R is open_condensed iff R  is closed_condensed ) ;

theorem :: TOPS_1:62
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is closed_condensed holds
Fr (Int R) = Fr R ;

theorem :: TOPS_1:63
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is closed_condensed holds
Fr R c= Cl (Int R) by XBOOLE_1:17;

theorem Th64: :: TOPS_1:64
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is open_condensed holds
( Fr R = Fr (Cl R) & Fr (Cl R) = (Cl R) \ R ) by Lm2;

theorem :: TOPS_1:65
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is open & R is closed holds
( R is closed_condensed iff R is open_condensed ) by ;

theorem :: TOPS_1:66
for TS being TopSpace
for GX being TopStruct
for P being Subset of TS
for R being Subset of GX holds
( ( R is closed & R is condensed implies R is closed_condensed ) & ( P is closed_condensed implies ( P is closed & P is condensed ) ) )
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:67
for TS being TopSpace
for GX being TopStruct
for P being Subset of TS
for R being Subset of GX holds
( ( R is open & R is condensed implies R is open_condensed ) & ( P is open_condensed implies ( P is open & P is condensed ) ) )
proof end;

theorem Th68: :: TOPS_1:68
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is closed_condensed & Q is closed_condensed holds
P \/ Q is closed_condensed
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:69
for TS being TopSpace
for P, Q being Subset of TS st P is open_condensed & Q is open_condensed holds
P /\ Q is open_condensed
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:70
for TS being TopSpace
for P being Subset of TS st P is condensed holds
Int (Fr P) = {}
proof end;

theorem :: TOPS_1:71
for GX being TopStruct
for R being Subset of GX st R is condensed holds
( Int R is condensed & Cl R is condensed )
proof end;